Kaimosi Friends University College Repository
INTEROPERABILITY MODEL FOR E-HEALTH SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.
| dc.contributor.author | ANYONJE, ERIC OKENO | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-13T06:51:25Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-01-13T06:51:25Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-12 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | [1] MOH, “Kenya Health Information Systems Interoperability Framework.” MOH, Nairobi, 2020. [2] D. Greene, D. McClintock, and T., Durant, 2021. Interoperability: COVID-19 as an Impetus for Change. [Online] Available at: <https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article- abstract/67/4/592/6105075> [Accessed 8 April 2021]. [3] GOK, Kenya Vision 2030, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://vision2030.go.ke/. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [4] MOH, “Kenya Health Policy 2014-2030,” Kenya Health Policy, 2014. [Online].Available: http://publications.universalhealth2030.org/uploads/kenya_health_policy_2014_t o_2030.pdf. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [5] World Health Organization, “Global Observatory for e-Health,” World Health Organization. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/observatories/global observatory-for-e-Health. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [6] A. G. Musabi, M. Thiga, and S. K. Karume, “Challenges of Health Information Exchange in Maternal Healthcare in Kenya A Case Study of Nakuru County Level 5 Hospital.” Kabarak University, Nakuru, 2020. [7] W. B. Lober, D. Revere, and R.Hills, A Lab-EMR Interoperability Profile as an e Health Architecture Component for Resource-Constrained Settings, vol. 160, 2010. [Online]. Available: IOS press Ebooks [8] GOK, “Kenya Master Health Facility List: Find all the health facilities in Kenya,” Kenya Master Health Facility List. [Online]. Available: http://kmhfl.health.go.ke/#/facility_filter/results?county=ac84672f-db61-41b8- 83f8- dc484060c86a. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [9] IEEE, “IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms,” IEEE Xplore. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4114093/. [Accessed: 08-Apr- 2021]. [10] D. Lambert, “What is Interoperability, and What are the Benefits?,” Continuum, 28-Jun- 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.carecloud.com/continuum/what is-interoperability/. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [11] T. Benson and G. Grieve, Principles of Health Interoperability FHIR, HL7 and SNOMED CT. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.A. J. Holmgren, V. Patel, and J. Adler-Milstein, “Progress In Interoperability: Measuring US Hospitals’ Engagement In Sharing Patient Data,” Health Affairs, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1820–1827, 2017. [12] B. Mike and P. Wilken, “ARTEMIS: Towards a secure interoperability infrastructure for healthcare information systems.” IOS Press, Southhampton, 2005. [13] M. Farzandipur, F. jeddi, and E. Azimi, “Factors Affecting Successful Implementation of Hospital Information Systems,” Acta Informatica Medica, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 51, 2016. [14] World Bank, “The World Bank Annual Report 2018,” World Bank, 2018. [Online].Available: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents reports/documentdetail/630671538158537244/the-world-bank-annual-report 2018. [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. 144 [17] GOK,“Health ActNo.21 of 2017,” http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/HealthActNo.21of2017.pdf, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/HealthActNo.21of2017.pdf . [Accessed: 08-Apr-2021]. [18] J. Green and N. Thorogood, Qualitative methods for health research. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2018. [19] O. A. Bolarinwa, “Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches,” Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 195, 2015. [20] A. M. Adam, “Sample Size Determination in Survey Research,” Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, pp. 90–97, 2020. [21] KNBS, “2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County,” Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and housing-census-volume-i- population-by-county-and-sub-county. [Accessed: 08- Apr-2021]. [22] M. F. Badran, “e-Health in Egypt: The demand-side perspective of implementing electronic health records,” Science Direct, no. 43, pp. 576–594, Jul. 2019. [23] H. Zhu, Y. W. Lee, and A. S. Rosental, “Data Standards Challenges for Interoperable and Quality Data,” Journal of Data and information Quality, vol. 7, no. 1-3, pp. 1–4, Jun. 2016. [24] K. Xhao and M. Xia, “Forming Interoperability Through Interorganizational Systems Standards,” Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 269–293, Dec. 2014.. W. Johnson, “Identifying common problems in the acquisition and deployment of large- scale, safety–critical, software projects in the US and UK healthcare systems,” Science Direct, pp. 735–745, Jun. 2011. [25] A. Akhlaq, B. McKinstry, K. B. Muhammad, and A. Sheikh, “Barriers and facilitators to health information exchange in low- and middle-income country settings: A systematic review,” Health Policy and Planning, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1310–1325, 2016. [26] Cyberpeace Institute, Cyber incident tracer #HEALTH, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://cit.cyberpeaceinstitute.org/explore?utm_source=google&utm_medium=c pc&utm_c ampaign=CIT_explore&utm_content=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAlfqOBhAeEiwAYi4 3F4- dTr_oIg8Mi3WGUqX8K14i5jNoj3LF4kOsJe kl8leBLjq1UQrWRoCOWEQAvD_BwE. [Accessed: 13-Jan-2022]. [27] N. A. Davis and M. LaCour, Foundations of Health Information Management - E-Book. Saunders, 2019. [28] M. Bernardo and V. Issarny, Formal methods for Eternal Networked Software Systems 11th international school on formal methods for the design of Computer, communication and software systems, SFM 2011, Bertinoro, Italy, June 13-18, 2011, Advanced lectures. Berlin: Springer, 2011. [29] J. Qi, P. Yang, G. Min, O. Amft, F. Dong, and L. Xu, “Advanced internet of things for personalised healthcare systems: A survey,” Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 41, pp. 132–149, 2017. [30] M. Mital, V. Chang, P. Choudhary, A. Papa, and A. K. Pani, “Adoption of internet of things in India: A test of competing models using a structured equation modeling approach,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 145 vol. 136, pp. 339–346, 2018. [31] O. Iroju, A. Soriyan, and J. Olaleke, “Interoperability in Healthcare: Benefits, Challenges and Resolutions,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 3, May 2013. [32] H. Ronoh, K. Omieno, and S. Mutua, “An interoperability framework for E Government Heterogeneous Information Systems,” IJARCCE, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 115–126, 2018. [33] C. R. Kothari. “Sample size determination. Research Methodology”. New Age International Publications, 1, 74-1, 2004. [34] R. Etikan, "Sampling and Sampling Methods", Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, 2017. Available: 10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149 [Accessed 11 May 2022]. [35] County Public Service Board. CGK, “County Public Service Board Annual Report 2020” Kakamega, Kakamega, rep., pp 1-2020.G. Premkumar, K. ramamurthy, and A. Carolstoak. “Information processing view of organizations: An exploratory examination of fit in the context of inter-organizational relationships,” Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 257–294, 2005. [36] F. D. Davis, R. P. Bagozzi, and P. R. Warshaw, “User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models,” Management Science, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 982– 1003, 1989. [37] R. J. Holden and B.-T. Karsh, “The Technology Acceptance Model: Its Past and its future in Health Care,” Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 159–172, 2010. [38] V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 425– 478, 2003, doi: 10.2307/30036540. [39] D. L. Goodhue and R. L. Thompson, “Task-technology fit and individual performance,”MIS Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 2, p. 213, 1995. [40] M. Z. Zhurovsʹkyĭ and N. D. Panktratova, System analysis: Theory and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2010. [41] T. F. Gattiker and D. L. Goodhue, “Understanding the local-level costs and benefits of ERP through Organizational Information Processing Theory,” Information & Management, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 431–443, 2004. [42] N. Golafshani, “Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research,” The Qualitative Report, 2015. [44] “Cybercrime and cybersecurity in Sub-Saharan African economies,” Cybercrime and Cybersecurity in the Global South. [45] N. Muinga, S. Magare, J. Monda, O. Kamau, S. Houston, H. Fraser, J. Powell, M. English, and C. Paton, “Implementing an open source electronic health record system in Kenyan health care facilities: Case study,” JMIR Medical Informatics, vol. 6, no. 2, 2018. [46] H.S. Fraser, P. Biondich, D. Moodley, S Choi, B.W. Mamlin, P Szolovits “Implementing medical information systems in developing countries, what works and what doesn’t inform Prim Care”. 2005; 13(2):83-95. [47] M. C. Azubuike and J. E. Ehiri, “Health Information Systems in developing countries: Benefits, problems, and prospects,” Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 180–184, 1999. [48] J. A. Blaya, S. S. Shin, M. Yagui, C. Contreras, P. Cegielski, G. Yale, C. 146 Suarez, L. Asencios, J. Bayona, J. Kim, and H. S. Fraser, “Reducing communication delays andimproving quality of care with a tuberculosis laboratory information system in resource poor environments: A cluster randomized controlled trial,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 4, 2014. [49] Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. Nairobi, Kenya: NASCOP “EMR system assessments harmonization report” 2009. Sep 19, [2018-03-20]. [50] “District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2),” District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) | Open Health News. Online]. Available: https://www.openhealthnews.com/resources/district-health-information-system 2-dhis2. [Accessed: 27-Feb-2022]. [51] O. M Mugenda, A. G. Mugenda, Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Acts press. 1999. [52] Palladium. “Kakamega County health at a glance. Health Policy Project fact sheet”. Washington, DC, USA: 2015. [Online]. Available: from https://www. healthpolicyproject.com/index.cfm?id=kenyaCHFS [Accessed: 27-Feb-2022]. [53] HIMSS. \Definition of interoperability". Available from: http://goo.gl/E5636, 2013. [54] P. Gibbons, N. Arzt, S. Burke-Beebe, C. Chute,G. Dickinson, T. Flewelling, T. Jepsen, D. Kamens,J. Larson, J. Ritter et al. \Coming to terms: Scoping interoperability for health care". Available from: http://goo.gl/XzRER, 2007. [55] W. Wang, A. Tolk and W. Wang. \The levels of conceptual interoperability model: applying systems engineering principles to M&S". In Proceedings of the 2009 Spring Simulation Multiconference, p. 168.Society for Computer Simulation International, 2009. [57] L. E. Whitman and H. Panetto. \The missing link: Culture and language barriers to interoperability”. Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 233{241, 2006. [58] European Telecommunication Standards Institute.\Achieving Technical Interoperability - the ETSI Approach". Available from: http://goo.gl/lQYd4, 2008. [59] WHO and ITU. \National e-Health Strategy Toolkit”. Available from: http://goo.gl/uxMvE, 2012. [60] Palvia, V. Midha and P. Pinjani, "Research Models in Information Systems", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 17, 2006. Available: 10.17705/1cais.01747 [Accessed 10 May 2022]. [61] F. Adebesin, R. Foster, P. Kotzé and D. Van Greunen, "A Review of Interoperability Standards in E-Health and Imperatives for their Adoption in Africa", South African Computer Journal, vol. 50, 2013. Available: 10.18489/sacj.v50i1.176. [62] Asia-Pacific Government Roundtable, "Asia-Pacific Government Roundtable on Interoperability Report", HIMSS, 2021. [Online]. Available:https://www.himss.org/resources/asia-pacific-government roundtable-interoperability- report. [Accessed: 10- May- 2022]. [63] A. Nsaghurwe et al., "One country's journey to interoperability: Tanzania's experience developing and implementing a national health information exchange", BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021. Available: 10.1186/s12911-021- 01499-6 [Accessed 10 May 2022]. [64] I-TECH, "A Review of Key Investments in the KenyaEMR Electronic Medical Record System", Go2itech.org, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.go2itech.org/wp- 147 content/uploads/2017/07/ITECH_KenyaEMR_UnifiedCostingReport_Dec2015 _FINAL.pd f. [Accessed: 10- May- 2022]. [65] Techweez, "6 Projects the Kenya Government Should Champion in ICT in 2016", Techweez, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://techweez.com/2016/01/07/projects-for-the- government-to-champion-in 2016/. [Accessed: 11- May- 2022]. [66]ISO. \ISO/IEC, “Guide 2:2004 - Standardization and Related Activities - General Vocabulary".2004. [Online] Available: http://goo.gl/f7P5n, [Accessed: 10- May 2022]. [67] V. Braun and V. Clarke, “Using thematic analysis in psychology,” Qualitative Research in Psychology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–101, 2006. [68] Global Infrastructure Hub, “Last mile connectivity program Kenya,” Last Mile Connectivity Program Kenya - Inclusive Infrastructure, 24-May-2019. [Online]. Available: https://inclusiveinfra.gihub.org/case-studies/last-mile-connectivity program kenya/#:~:text=A%20government%20initiative%20to%20connect,access%20to %20electri city%20by%2020. [Accessed: 12-Sep-2022]. [69] J. W. Creswell, Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2014. [70] International Energy Agency; International Renewable Energy Agency; United Nations; World Bank Group; World Health Organization. 2018. Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank, 2018. [71] D. Gichoya “Factors Affecting the Successful Implementation of ICT Projects in Government” The Electronic Journal of e-Government Volume 3 Issue 4, pp 175-184, 2005. [72] L. S. Ledwaba, “Measuring the quality of internet connectivity service rendered to South African Public Libraries,” Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies, vol. 38, no. 4, 2021. [73] M. A., Zayyad, Toycan, M., (2018, March 1). Factors affecting sustainable adoption of e- Health technology in developing countries: An exploratory survey of Nigerian hospitalsfrom the perspective of healthcare professionals. Peer J. Retrieved September 13, 2022, from https://peerj.com/articles/4436/ [74] E., Alagoz, M., Arroyo, N., Taylor, S.F. and Ingraham, A. Communication during Interhospital Transfers of Emergency General Surgery Patients: A Qualitative Study of Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Patient Safety. 2022 [75] “Review for ‘exploring the role of communication in missed nursing care: A systematic review,’” 2022. [76] R. E. Glasgow, S. M. Phillips, and M. A. Sanchez, “Implementation science approaches for integrating e-Health Research into practice and policy,” International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol. 83, no. 7, 2014. [77] “What is a good CSAT score?,” MonkeyLearn Blog, 29-Jan-2021. [Online]. Available: https://monkeylearn.com/blog/what-is-a-good-csat score/. [Accessed: 15-Sep-2022]. [78] “SADC Assessment Study - ITU: Committed to connecting the world,” 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU- 148 D/Technology/Documents/ Conformance Interoperability/ SADC%20Assessment%20Study_Final_November13.pdf. [Accessed: 16- Sep-2022]. [79] L. Adam CRASA Harmonization Approach for Standards and Type Approval. 2006 [80] MoH Kenya National E-Health Policy 2016-2030. 2015 [81] S. Sahay, E. Monteiro, and M. Aanestad, “Configurable politics and asymmetric integration: Health e-infrastructures in India,” Journal of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 399–414, 2009. [82] V. Peansupap and D. Walker, “Exploratory factors influencing information and communication technology diffusion and adoption within Australian Construction Organizations: A micro analysis,” Construction Innovation, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 135–157, 2005. [83] S. Kyakulumbye, M. B. Muhenda, and N. Anaclet, “Information Communication Technology (ICT) utilization in Uganda Local Governments; why low uptake?,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. [84] M. Njoroge, D. Zurovac, E. A. Ogara, J. Chuma, and D. Kirigia, “Assessing the feasibility of e-Health and mHealth: a systematic review and analysis of initiatives implemented in Kenya,” BMC Research Notes, vol. 10, p. 90, 2017 [85] R. N. Charette, “Why software fails [software failure,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 42–49, 2005. [86] M. J. Friedrich, “Corruption poses critical challenge to global health efforts,” JAMA, vol. 318, no. 15, p. 1431, 2017. [87] “6 the critical health impacts of corruption - NCBI bookshelf.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535646/. [Accessed: 23-Sep-2022]. [88] M. Young, “Leadership - the role of IT governance,” Computerworld, 09- Sep-2008. [Online]. Available: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2779316/leadership---the- role of-it-governance.html. [Accessed: 23-Sep-2022]. [89] PMBOK, “Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®).” [Online]. Available: https://www.projectmanagement.com/wikis/234759/Project Management-Body-of- Knowledge--PMBOK--. [Accessed: 23-Sep 2022]. [90] M. D. Scherer, E. M. Conill, R. Jean, A. Taleb, F. L. Gelbcke, D. E. Pires, and E. M. Joazeiro, “Desafios para o trabalho em saúde: Um estudo Comparado de Hospitais Universitários Na Argélia, Brasil e França,” Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 2265–2276, 2018. [91] WHO, “Monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions - apps.who.int.” [Online]. Available: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/252183/978924151176 6- eng.pdf;sequence=110. [Accessed: 06-Oct-2022]. [92] G. Ateniese, K. Fu, M. Green, and S. Hohenberger, “Improved proxy re encryption schemes with applications to secure distributed storage,” 149 ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–30, 2006. [93] PWC, “Emerging mhealth: Paths for growth - PWC,” Emerging mHealth: Paths for growth, Oct-2013. [Online]. Available: ttps://www.pwc.com/gx/en/healthcare/mhealth/assets/pwc- emerging mhealth-full.pdf. [Accessed: 24-Oct-2022]. [94] G. Zacharewicz, S. Diallo, Y. Ducq, C. Agostinho, R. Jardim-Goncalves, H. Bazoun, Z. Wang, and G. Doumeingts, “Model-based approaches for interoperability of Next Generation Enterprise Information Systems: State of the art and future challenges,” Information Systems and e Business Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 229–256, 2016. [95] K. Craig, “Performance rating scales: Should they stay or should they go?,” emPerform Blog, 26-Nov-2021. [Online]. Available: https://employee- performance.com/blog/performance-ratings-how-to get-rid-of-them-without-getting-rid-of- them/. [Accessed: 10-Nov-2022]. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/157 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The Government of Kenya together with its partners have invested in a wide array of health information technologies geared towards enhancing health service delivery to the public. Despite the presence of numerous electronic health (e-Health) systems in most public health institutions in the country, the usefulness of these systems beyond the facility gates is yet to be realized. Getting these systems to seamlessly exchange data irrespective of their geographical location has up to date remained a mere pipe dream. This study aimed to developing an interoperability model for e-Health systems in government health facilities to enable the inter-facility exchange of medical data. This investigation was motivated by the use of interoperable e-Health technologies in many developed countries as a means of enhancing healthcare services. The specific objectives of the study included: To evaluate the status of e-Health systems in public health facilities in Kakamega County; to determine the factors influencing the interoperability of e-Health systems in public health facilities in Kakamega County and to develop an interoperability model for e-Health systems in public health facilities in Kakamega County. The study was anchored on the theoretical model informed by three theories and one model namely organizational information processing theory, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, task technology fit theory and the technology acceptance model. The research employed a descriptive research design and targeted a sample of 95 health workers drawn from a population of 1800 using Slovin’s formula. The study used stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques to select the targeted sample. The study found that e-Health innovations in Kakamega County suffer poor infrastructural investment (52.5%), lack of integration, and poor implementation practices such as low (40.0%) stakeholder involvement and non adherence to standards. This results in low user satisfaction scores (40.0%) which significantly affect interoperability and e-Health pervasion at 0.7 and 0.6 Pearson correlation coefficients respectively. The research concluded that the county's e-Health progress has not kept up the pace with the strategy, funding mechanisms, implementation practices and infrastructural investment capable of providing a standard interoperable e-Health solution. The research recommended that the government through the Ministry of Health and its partners should adopt a holistic approach such as the proposed Wheel Interoperability Model in implementing e-Health interoperability and transform it into a realistic and practical health solution. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.title | INTEROPERABILITY MODEL FOR E-HEALTH SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
